Item Nonresponse in Web Versus Other Survey Modes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nonresponse is a fundamental issue in survey research, due to the trend of declining response rates across modes. This particularly serious for web surveys: A recent meta-analysis found that unit nonresponse surveys is, on average, higher by 12 percentage points than other modes ( Daikeler et al., 2020 ). Although and has been investigated several meta-analyses, item not examined meta-analytically, gap addressed this paper. Are at disadvantage compared terms as well? To address question, 13 eligible experimental manuscripts reporting 23 effect sizes were identified comprehensive literature search. Meta-analytic findings showed there was no statistically significant difference average rate versus However, six moderator variables significantly affect relation between mode rate, namely, target population, number contacts, which compared, sponsor, age survey, baseline mode. The main practical implication while differ (on average), are similar